Considering a New Septic System in RI? What to Expect

Whether you're building a new home in Rhode Island or facing the need to replace an aging or failing septic system, understanding your options and the process involved is crucial. Investing in the right septic system is essential for proper wastewater treatment, environmental protection, and the long-term value of your property. Navigating the regulations set by the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management (RIDEM) and choosing the best system for your specific needs can seem complex. This guide will walk you through the common septic system options available in RI and what you can generally expect during the installation process.

Common Septic System Options in Rhode Island:

• Conventional Septic Systems: This is the most common type of septic system and typically consists of a septic tank and a soil absorption field (leach field). The septic tank separates solids from liquids, and the partially treated wastewater then flows into the leach field, where it's further treated by the soil before reaching the groundwater. Conventional systems are often suitable for properties with adequate soil conditions and sufficient land area.
• Innovative/Alternative (I/A) Systems: In areas with less suitable soil conditions, high groundwater tables, or proximity to sensitive water bodies (common in many parts of Rhode Island), RIDEM may require the installation of I/A systems. These systems often incorporate advanced treatment technologies to further purify the wastewater before it's discharged into the soil. Examples include systems with sand filters, peat biofilters, or aerobic treatment units (ATUs). While often more complex and potentially more expensive than conventional systems, I/A systems offer enhanced environmental protection.
• Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs): ATUs are a type of I/A system that uses oxygen to accelerate the breakdown of organic matter in the wastewater. They function similarly to small-scale wastewater treatment plants and often produce a higher quality effluent than conventional systems. ATUs may be required in areas with strict environmental regulations or where space is limited. They typically require regular maintenance and electricity to operate.
• Mound Systems: These are a type of soil absorption system used when the natural soil is unsuitable for a conventional leach field due to shallow depth to bedrock or a high water table. A mound system involves constructing an elevated soil bed above the natural ground, providing adequate soil depth for treatment. This option is sometimes necessary in certain areas of Rhode Island with challenging soil conditions.
• Small Diameter Gravity (SDG) and Pressure Dosing Systems: These systems are often used in areas with difficult terrain or where conventional gravity flow is not feasible. SDG systems use smaller diameter pipes to transport wastewater, while pressure dosing systems utilize pumps to distribute the effluent evenly throughout the leach field.

What to Expect During the New Septic System Installation Process in Rhode Island:

1. Site Evaluation and Soil Testing: The first crucial step is a thorough site evaluation by a licensed Rhode Island septic system designer or engineer. This involves assessing the soil type, percolation rate (how quickly water drains through the soil), groundwater level, and site topography. These factors will heavily influence the type of system that can be installed and the design requirements.
2. System Design and Permitting: Based on the site evaluation, a septic system designer will develop a detailed plan for the new system that complies with RIDEM regulations and local ordinances. This plan will then be submitted to RIDEM for permitting. The permitting process can take time, so it's essential to factor this into your timeline.
3. Contractor Selection: Choosing a qualified and licensed Rhode Island septic system contractor is vital for a successful installation. Obtain multiple bids, check references, and ensure the contractor is experienced with the type of system being installed and understands local regulations.
4. Installation: The installation process typically involves excavating for the septic tank and the soil absorption field (or constructing a mound, if necessary), installing the tank and piping, and ensuring proper grading and backfilling. The contractor will need to follow the approved design plans and adhere to RIDEM guidelines. Inspections by RIDEM or local authorities may occur during the installation process.
5. Final Inspection and Approval: Once the installation is complete, RIDEM or the local authority will typically conduct a final inspection to ensure the system has been installed correctly and meets all requirements. Upon approval, you will receive documentation confirming the system's compliance.
6. Ongoing Maintenance: Even a new septic system requires regular maintenance, primarily periodic pumping of the septic tank. Understanding the recommended maintenance schedule for your specific system type is crucial for its longevity and proper function.

Financial Considerations:

The cost of a new septic system in Rhode Island can vary significantly depending on the type of system required, the size of your property, soil conditions, and the complexity of the installation. I/A systems and mound systems generally cost more than conventional systems. Be sure to obtain detailed quotes from multiple contractors and factor in permitting fees and potential ongoing maintenance costs. The Community Septic System Loan Program in Rhode Island may offer financial assistance to eligible homeowners needing to repair or replace their systems.

Installing a new septic system in Rhode Island is a significant investment that requires careful planning and adherence to state regulations. By understanding the different system options available, the installation process, and the importance of working with qualified professionals, you can ensure a smooth and successful project that provides reliable wastewater treatment for your home and protects the environment. Contact us today to get your new septic system in Rhode Island.